What is gluconeogenesis?

Gluconeogenesis refers to the metabolic process by which new glucose molecules are synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors, primarily focusing on glycerol and certain amino acids. This biochemical pathway is crucial during periods of fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise when glucose levels are low, as it helps maintain adequate blood glucose levels.

This process primarily occurs in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidneys. The substrates for gluconeogenesis, such as lactate, glycerol (derived from fat metabolism), and amino acids (especially alanine and glutamine), are converted into glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions. This ability to create glucose from these alternate sources ensures that the body, particularly the brain and red blood cells, has a continuous supply of energy even when dietary carbohydrate intake is insufficient.

Understanding this process is critical for dietitians when considering nutritional interventions, especially in managing conditions like diabetes or when advising patients on dietary strategies that impact blood sugar levels.